Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan have established an extensive legal framework with 105 agreements signed to date. These documents cover various aspects of economic, political, cultural, and humanitarian cooperation.
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Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan are two brotherly nations united by a shared history, cultural roots, and participation in major regional organizations. However, their economic relations currently fall short of the potential offered by their geographical locations, natural resources, and opportunities for mutual trade. What are the prospects for this partnership, and why could its development be significant not only for these countries but for the entire region?
Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan have established an extensive legal framework with 105 agreements signed to date. These documents cover various aspects of economic, political, cultural, and humanitarian cooperation. Among the most important is the Declaration on Strategic Partnership, signed during the official visit of the President of Kyrgyzstan to Azerbaijan. This declaration solidified the strategic partnership between the two countries on a legal basis and laid the groundwork for closer cooperation in the future, The Caspian Post reports.
This legal framework also facilitates the expansion of collaboration in trade, investment, energy, and security. The agreements strengthen the two nations’ joint positions in international organizations and enhance their cooperation on regional issues. As a result, the strategic partnership serves as a platform not only for developing bilateral relations but also for bolstering regional stability and security.
Despite mutual efforts to enhance economic ties, the current level of bilateral trade remains modest. In 2023, trade volume between Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan amounted to just $20 million. Azerbaijan exports oil products, chemicals, and industrial equipment to Kyrgyzstan, while Kyrgyzstan supplies textiles, agricultural products, and metals to Azerbaijan.
Former Kyrgyz Ambassador to Azerbaijan, Kairat Osmonaliev, notes that this is only a fraction of what the countries could offer each other: "Azerbaijan, with its financial resources, and Kyrgyzstan, with its rich agricultural potential, could form a sustainable partnership that would benefit both nations."
Azerbaijan stands to benefit from expanding its export markets, as Kyrgyzstan serves as a gateway to Central Asia. Increasing exports of energy resources, such as oil and gas, could strengthen Azerbaijan’s position in the region. Including Kyrgyzstan in the Middle Corridor project would also enhance Azerbaijan’s role as a transit hub between Europe and Asia.
For Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijani investments in energy infrastructure, such as building small hydroelectric power plants and modernizing existing facilities, represent a significant opportunity. Kyrgyzstan could also become a key supplier of eco-friendly agricultural products to Azerbaijan, meeting the growing demand for fruits, vegetables, and textiles.
Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan have shown a commitment to fostering mutually beneficial economic partnerships. Over 70 Kyrgyz companies operate in Azerbaijan in diverse sectors ranging from trade to services. This demonstrates Kyrgyz businesses’ confidence in Azerbaijan as a reliable partner and promising market.
To further enhance cooperation, the countries established the Azerbaijan-Kyrgyzstan Development Fund in 2022. This fund serves as a platform for attracting investments and facilitating joint projects in key industries such as energy, agriculture, logistics, and infrastructure.
Cargo transportation already plays a significant role in economic interaction between the two countries. Routes like the East-West International Transport Corridor and the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route highlight the growing importance of logistics in strengthening bilateral ties.
Regular flights have also become a critical element. Since September 17, 2024, Azerbaijan’s national airline AZAL has operated weekly flights between Baku and Bishkek. These flights ease travel for investors and businesspeople while boosting tourism and trade.
Kyrgyzstan actively exports agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables, and textiles to Azerbaijan, while Azerbaijani companies invest heavily in Kyrgyzstan’s energy and transport infrastructure. These investments not only modernize the Kyrgyz economy but also lay the foundation for new joint ventures.
Regular business forums and exhibitions organized by both countries foster dialogue among private sector representatives. This helps identify new areas of cooperation and makes the investment climate more attractive. Strengthening economic ties between Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan not only boosts trade and investments but also forms a strategic partnership. Joint projects integrate both nations into regional economic processes, making their collaboration more sustainable and mutually beneficial.
As Kairat Osmonaliev aptly noted: "Economics is a bridge that connects not only businesses but also people. Joint initiatives between Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan lay the foundation for long-term partnerships that can influence the development of the entire Turkic world."
Economic relations cannot be viewed in isolation from cultural ties. Historically close connections, shared Turkic culture, and participation in cultural initiatives foster trust between nations, directly supporting stronger business relationships.
Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan are carriers of a rich Turkic heritage. A common language, similar traditions, and shared religious values simplify interactions not only at the governmental level but also among business communities. As Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov once said: "Culture is a bridge that connects nations, creating conditions for mutual understanding and cooperation."
Both countries actively participate in initiatives within the Organization of Turkic States. Cultural days, national music festivals, and art exhibitions bring their people together. For instance, the 2023 Caravan of Turkic Culture festival served as a platform to discuss joint projects in art, tourism, and investment.
Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan are expanding cooperation in education. Kyrgyz students receive scholarships to study in Azerbaijani universities, fostering knowledge exchange. Youth exchange programs strengthen interpersonal connections, which will form the foundation of future economic partnerships.
Tourism plays a vital role in cultural exchange and economic growth. Azerbaijani tourists increasingly visit Issyk-Kul, while Kyrgyz travelers are drawn to Baku’s historical and culinary offerings. Growing tourism flows stimulate related industries such as air transport, hospitality, and services.
Despite their potential, several challenges remain, including insufficient funding for cultural projects, limited promotion of tourist routes, and weak direct connections between cultural and educational institutions.
Economic and cultural partnerships between Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan are two sides of the same coin. Strengthening cultural ties builds mutual trust, opens new opportunities for cooperation, and creates a favorable environment for long-term economic collaboration.
If both nations continue to expand cultural exchanges while addressing business barriers, they will solidify their positions not only in the Turkic world but also on the global stage.
Mehmet Fatih Oztarsu
